Identification of Axial Bones

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Human skeleton

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Classification of Skeleton into
Axial Structures and Appendicular skeleton

SKULL - Cranium(8 bones) & Face(14 Facial bones)

1. Skull rests on Upper End of Vertebral Column.

2. It protects brain.

3. It form structures of face.

4. Hyoid Bone is present below skull . It gives attachment to base of tongue.

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Sphenoid bones (1) Forms middle portion of the skull or head

Ethmoid bones (1) Form front base of the skull, orbital cavity & side walls of nasal cavity

Parietal bones (2) Form upper sides and roof of head

Temporal bones (2) Form lower sides of head

Occipital bones (1) Forms back of head. A hole in the bone allows spinal cord to pass through it.It also forms joint with first bone of spinal cord.

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Nasal bones (2) Form bridge of the nose

Lacrimal bones (2) Form middle wall of orbital cavity

Inferior nasal conchae (2) Form side walls of nasal cavity

Maxilla (2) Forms framework of upper jaw, roof of the mouth

Mandible (1) Forms framework of lower jaw

Palatine bones (2) L-shaped bones forming part of hard palate

Zygomatic bones (2) Forms framework of cheeks

Vomer (1) Forms the nasal septum

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

3. Identify the part shown in figure.

Curves in Vertebral Column

7 cervical
Vertebrae C1-C7

12 Thoracic
Vertebrae T1-T12

5 Lumbar
Vertebrae L1-L5

Sacrum
5 Fused bones 5 Fused Vertebrae

Coccyx
4 Fused bones 4 Fused Vertebrae

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SEE EACH BONE & ITS FUNCTION
VERTEBRAL COLUMN

DETAILS ON VERTEBRAL COLUMN

1. Cervical vertebrae: They are seven in number & present in neck and forms cervical curve
Ist cervical vertebra is called Atlas that forms joint with occipital bone.

Second cervical vertebra is Axis. It forms joint with atlas & helps turn head from side to side (saying No).

2. Thoracic vertebrae : articulates with ribs and forms thoracic curve.

3. Lumbar vertebrae: forms lower back and forms lumbar surve.

Functions of vertebral column

1. Protects Spinal cord.

2. Supports skull.

3. Provides structural support and balance to the body.

4. Maintains posture, provides 2/5 th height of the human body.

5. Intervertebral discs have shock absorbing function and give flexibility to vertebral column.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

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SEE EACH BONE & ITS FUNCTION
THORACIC CAGE

STERNUM

Costal Cartilage T1-T12

RIBS (12 pairs)

1st rib does not move during respiration
Spaces between ribs contain intercostal muscles that help in respiration
First 7 pairs are attached to sternum by costal cartilage (TRUE RIBS)
8th , 9th and 10th are not directly attached to sternum (FALSE RIBS)
11th and 12th are the floating ribs (no anterior attachment)

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1. The cranium comprised of:

2. Which bone forms posterior part of head

3. Identify the part shown in figure.

DETAILS ON VERTEBRAL COLUMN

4. _____________Makes 2/5th height of human body.

5. The superior part in sternum is